Artículos de Investigadores
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- PublicationJuego parental: tiempo de juego entre padres e hijos(2026)El juego es un fenómeno lúdico ampliamente estudiado desde contextos disciplinares y multidisciplinares. Si bien es cierto, la educación y la psicología, parecieran ser los campos de mayor dedicación a la investigación sobre dicho fenómeno, no es menos cierto que cada vez más se constituye en tema de interés en el campo de la sociología, la antropología, el derecho, de la teoría política, el periodismo, entre otros. Conclusiones básicas de dichos estudios, reportan el reconocimiento del juego como un derecho y como una actividad ineludible en la infancia, de las bondades del juego en función del aprendizaje, sobre tiempo y calidad de juego, pero también, sobre la incidencia del juego en la formación del carácter y la seguridad emocional. En tal sentido, el siguiente trabajo ponen en cuestión el juego parental, el derecho de niños y niñas a esta manifestación del juego, su necesidad, su incidencia, asociado al tiempo de juego, a la calidad de tiempo compartido entre padres e hijos(a) en el marco del juego, y a estrategias que pudiesen favorecer, no solo el incremento del tiempo para el juego parental, sino también, ampliar y cualificar las relaciones entre padres e hijos para la formación.
- PublicationDifferences in Physical Performance According to Contextual Variables in U21 Football Players(2026)Understanding how contextual variables shape differences in match demands in youth football is essential for optimising performance and player development. Objective: This study aimed to compare physical and competitive performance according to playing position, match location, match result, and opponent quality in the physical and competitive performance of U21 football players from a professional Chilean club. Methods: Twenty male U21 players (19.2 ± 1.2 years) were monitored during 11 official matches using 10 Hz GPS devices (WIMU Pro™) and post-match Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Variables included total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR > 20 km/h), metres per minute (MM), accelerations/decelerations (N°AC/N°DC > 3 m·s−2), player load (PL), and peak velocity (PV). Contextual variables were classified by playing position, home/away, win/loss, and opponent quality (higher vs. lower rank). Results: Significant between-group differences were found across all contextual factors (p < 0.05). Midfielders (MFs) covered greater TD and reported higher RPE, while full-backs (FBs) and wingers (WGs) reached higher HSR and PV. Away and lost matches showed greater RPE, PL, and N°AC/N°DC, alongside more goals conceded. Facing higher-ranked opponents increased RPE and HSR but reduced explosive actions. Conclusions: Physical performance in U21 football is strongly modulated by contextual factors. Coaches should adjust training load and tactical strategies according to match conditions and positional roles to optimise adaptation and competitive readiness in developmental categories.
- PublicationSleep health improvement trajectories after a pandemic: insights from a national health survey(2026)Abstract Study Objectives This study aimed to evaluate sleep health improvement trends in Catalonia, Spain, from 2020 to 2023 following the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify disparities across demographic and socioeconomic groups. Methods This repeated cross-sectional study analyzed 11 794 responses from eight waves of the Catalan Health Survey. Sleep health was assessed using the SATED and Ru-SATED questionnaires, covering six dimensions: Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency, Duration, and Regularity. Trends over time were evaluated, and stratified and interaction models assessed differences by sex, age, BMI, material deprivation, comorbidity burden, and living situation. Survey weights ensured population representativity. Results Sleep health improved from mid-2021, then stabilized. Efficiency plateaued by late 2020, while Satisfaction remained the most unstable dimension. Sleep regularity diminished during the 2020 lockdowns but improved promptly afterward. Females consistently scored lower than males, though their improvement trajectories were similar (p-for-interaction = .906). Older adults (65+) and individuals with excess weight exhibited distinctive improvement trends (p-for-interaction = .023). Material deprivation was the strongest predictor of poor sleep health and delayed improvement (p-for-interaction = .024). Living alone had a temporary negative impact during lockdowns, which resolved by 2022. Finally, comorbidity burden affected baseline scores but not improvement trends (p-for-interaction = .467). Conclusions Sleep health improvement post-pandemic was uneven across sleep dimensions and population subgroups. Behavioral sleep dimensions improved earlier, while subjective satisfaction lagged. Socioeconomic factors, particularly material deprivation, were strongly associated with poorer and slower improvements. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating sleep health into pandemic preparedness and tailoring interventions to address both behavioral and structural determinants of health.
- PublicationChewing Index: A Pilot Trial to Measure Masticatory Effort(2026)Background/Objectives: Population aging presents new challenges for achieving healthy aging. Edentulism is a condition that diminishes quality of life. Several studies have attempted to analyze the impact of edentulism on masticatory function either by evaluating the final stage of the food bolus or the masticatory process itself. The present study aims to develop a chewing index (Ci) based on chewing time, the number of cycles, and the muscular activity of the masseter and temporal muscles. Methods: Two groups (n = 10 each, 60–80 years old), one with functional dentition (21 or more teeth) (Group F) and one with complete denture wearers (Group D), were used. Participants were asked to chew a total of 36 food samples. The number of chewing cycles (N), chewing time (T), and bilateral activity of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles were recorded and quantified using the root mean square. This activity was normalized with respect to a 5 s maximum voluntary clenching (TMAV). A chewing index (Ci) was calculated using the equation Ci = N × V%¯ × T/TMAV, where V%¯ represents the average normalized activity of the four muscles. Results: Ci values ranged from 0 to 62 for Group F and 0 to 262 for Group D. For 15 out of the 36 food samples, Ci was higher in Group D than in Group F. Conclusions: The results of this study are consistent with previous research showing that complete denture wearers must chew for a longer time and perform a greater number of chewing cycles compared with subjects with functional dentition.
- PublicationRELACIÓN ENTRE ANTROPOMETRÍA, INDICADORES BIOMÉDICOS, FUNCIONALIDAD Y ESTADO COGNITIVO EN PERSONAS MAYORES DE CENTROS DIURNOS DE LAS COMUNAS DE SAN CARLOS Y CHILLÁN, ÑUBLE, CHILE(2026)Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la antropometría e indicadores biomédicos con las variables de funcionalidad y capacidad cognitiva en personas mayores que asisten a centros diurnos de las comunas de San Carlos y Chillán de la Región de Ñuble, Chile. Material y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, analítico y transversal realizado en 42 personas mayores de centros diurnos de San Carlos y Chillán de la Región de Ñuble, Chile. Previo consentimiento informado, se realizaron mediciones antropométricas (peso, talla, IMC, circunferencia de cintura), mediciones biomédicas (presión arterial, frecuencia cardiaca). Asimismo, para evaluar la funcionalidad y el estado cognitivo se aplicaron el cuestionario EFAM parte A y el Mini-Mental abreviado mediante un formato asistido en Google Forms. Los datos han sido resguardados de manera confidencial. El análisis se realizó con el software Jamovi 2.3.28, utilizando estadística descriptiva (media, DE) e inferencial (chi cuadrado y t de Student). Resultados: Se observó que el IMC se asoció con la funcionalidad del tren superior (p= 0,03) y la orientación temporal se asoció con la frecuencia cardiaca (p= 0,01). Por otro lado, se observaron diferencias significativas entre la frecuencia cardiaca y el estado cognitivo general (p= 0,02) y entre la presión arterial y la funcionalidad del tren superior (p= 0,02). Conclusión: Se evidenciaron asociaciones significativas entre medidas antropométricas, así como entre indicadores biomédicos con aspectos específicos de la funcionalidad y la capacidad cognitiva de los participantes.