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- PublicationSkin advanced glycation end-products do not predict pulmonary function trajectories in adults from the ILERVAS cohort(2026)Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) activate specific receptors (RAGE) promoting inflammation and oxidative stress. The lungs, with high RAGE expression, may be particularly susceptible to AGE-related injury. This study assessed whether baseline skin AGE levels, measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF), predict pulmonary function decline in middle-aged adults with cardiovascular risk factors. This ancillary analysis of the ILERVAS cohort included adults aged 45–70 years with cardiovascular risk factors but without diabetes or chronic kidney disease. Baseline data included demographics, lifestyle, and fasting blood tests. SAF was measured using AGE Reader™, and spirometry performed at baseline and after a median follow-up of 4 years. Associations between baseline SAF and annual declines in FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC were analysed using adjusted models and generalized additive models, stratified by smoking status. Among 658 participants (median age 56 years, 48% female), median baseline SAF was 1.90 AU [1.60; 2.20]. Baseline lung function was preserved, with median FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC of 2795 mL [2270; 3,341], 3,525 mL [2870; 4300], and 78.6% [74.4; 82.8]. Annual declines were − 81.9 mL [− 120.6; − 43.3] for FEV1, − 99.6 mL [− 159.3; − 37.9] for FVC, and − 0.04% [− 0.85; 0.70] for FEV1/FVC. No significant associations were found between SAF and spirometry changes. Results were consistent across smoking subgroups. Baseline skin AGE levels did not predict pulmonary function decline over four years in middle-aged adults with cardiovascular risk factors. While SAF reflects cumulative AGE exposure, it has limited prognostic value for lung function in this population.
- PublicationConcerns in Physical Education today: perception of Latin American Specialist Teachers(2026)Objective: To identify the concerns expressed by physical education professionals regarding the professional field in Latin America. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling was non-probabilistic, accidental, with a final sample of 157 informants from 15 Latin American countries. Results: the informants are all professionals trained in the disciplinary field, with 50% of them having postgraduate training; most consider themselves researchers; there are concerns about inadequate infrastructure; there are two groups, one working in schools, whose concerns focus on teaching methods, resources, and time allocated to the subject, while in the group working in the university sector, the issue of episteme seems to be more relevant, although it is not decisive either. Conclusion: The concerns of physical education professionals in Latin America depend much more on their field of work than on adherence to trends in physical education.
- PublicationEvaluation of chitosan-coated liposome drying methods using freeze-drying, vacuum microwave drying, and spray drying: Physicochemical properties, energy efficiency, and CO2 emissions(2026)Developing innovative foods that offer health benefits is a top priority for the food industry. Consumers are showing increasing interest in foods that promote health and contribute to the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer (Banu & Lunghar, 2023; Misra et al., 2021). Polyphenols are plant metabolites with recognized antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and immune-modulating activities (Bolat et al., 2024). However, their direct application in food matrices is limited due to their instability in the presence of factors such as light, oxygen, temperature, and pH (Kasapoğlu, Gültekin-Özgüven, et al., 2024). Encapsulation has emerged as an effective strategy to improve the stability, bioaccessibility, and protection of polyphenols (Esposto et al., 2021). Among encapsulation systems, liposomes stand out for their biocompatibility, their ability to incorporate hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, and their potential to improve cellular absorption associated with cellular biocompatibility (Mohammadi et al., 2021; Nsairat et al., 2022). These phospholipid vesicles offer advantages such as high cargo capacity and control over the release of the active ingredient (Jara-Quijada et al., 2022; Joy et al., 2023), which has driven their incorporation into various food matrices, including chocolate (Gültekin-Özgüven et al., 2016), yogurt (Akgün et al., 2020; Ghorbanzade et al., 2017), mayonnaise (Savaghebi et al., 2021), and fruit juices (Ang et al., 2024, Ang et al., 2024; Jara-Quijada et al., 2025). However, their stability in aqueous suspension is limited, which hinders their storage and industrial use. Therefore, transforming liposomes into powders through drying processes has become a key step to extending their shelf life and facilitating their incorporation into food without compromising their functionality (Kasapoğlu, Sus, et al., 2024). Among the most used techniques are freeze-drying (FD) and spray-drying (SD). FD allows for the preservation of the structural integrity and biological activity of heat-sensitive compounds (Kandasamy & Naveen, 2022; Ma et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2022), while SD offers industrial advantages due to its low operating cost, reproducibility, and production of stable powders with low moisture content (Ang et al., 2024a, 2024b; Banožić et al., 2023; Chen et al., 2020; Kasapoğlu, Sus, et al., 2024). Vacuum microwave drying (VMD) has emerged as a fast and efficient alternative that combines volumetric heating and low pressures, reducing oxidation and preserving sensory qualities (González-Cavieres et al., 2021). However, their application in liposomes is still nonexistent. The evaluation of these technologies must consider sustainability criteria, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals through the efficient use of energy and the reduction of carbon emissions (Alara & Abdurahman, 2019). Quantifying energy consumption and carbon footprint has become a key tool for comparing technological alternatives in the food industry (Jara-Quijada, Pérez-Won, Tabilo-Munizaga, González-Cavieres, et al., 2024; Vega et al., 2021). However, no studies simultaneously compare powder quality, energy efficiency, and emissions associated with FD, SD, and VMD applied to liposomes. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the quality of liposomal powders obtained through different drying methods, analyzing their physicochemical properties, energy efficiency, and carbon emissions, to identify viable and sustainable technological alternatives for the production of liposome-based functional ingredients.
- PublicationPercepción docente referente al funcionamiento del trabajo colaborativo en establecimientos educacionales de Ñuble(2026-01)Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción del profesorado de educación regular y diferencial que se desempeñan en establecimientos educativos con Programas de Integración Escolar, referente al funcionamiento del Trabajo Colaborativo, considerando la implementación de la estrategia de la Co-enseñanza como parte de la colaboración entre profesionales. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cuantitativo, con diseño descriptivo-inferencial. Para la recolección de datos se adaptó el instrumento Autoevaluación de Centros para la Atención a la Diversidad desde la Inclusión, de Arnaiz y Guirao (2015), el cual fue aplicado en forma online a una muestra de 48 docentes de educación regular y diferencial que se desempeñan en establecimientos educacionales con Programa de Integración en enseñanza básica y media, evaluándose dos dimensiones: planificación y coordinación del trabajo colaborativo y percepción docente. Los datos fueron procesados mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis de correlación de Spearman. Los resultados muestran que no existe diferencia significativa por sexo (p=0.8414), nivel educativo (p=0.8549) y años de experiencia docente (p=0.4405). La correlación entre planificación-coordinación y percepción fue positiva significativa (p=0.000), lo que indica que, a mayor planificación y coordinación, mejora la percepción del trabajo colaborativo entre docentes, permitiendo el éxito académico de los estudiantes. Se observan percepciones comunes, tales como la falta de tiempo y disposición de forma permanente por parte de ambos profesionales hasta obtener los resultados esperados. Se concluye la importancia de un entorno organizativo que apoye activamente la colaboración entre docentes, proporcionando el tiempo necesario para una co-enseñanza efectiva.
- PublicationGOBIERNO CORPORATIVO: DIVERSIDAD Y RENDIMIENTO FINANCIERO. EL CASO DE EMPRESAS NO FINANCIERAS EN CHILE(2026)El gobierno corporativo es un campo de estudio amplio, dinámico y diverso (Saona, et al. 2020; Saona et al. 2024; Bamel et al., 2024), el cual incluye temas vinculados con capital privado, responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC), sustentabilidad y diversidad de género (Kuzey et al., 2023). Dichos estudios han incluido diversos desafíos como la prevención del fraude financiero, el impacto en la gestión de las ganancias y el costo del capital social en el mercado y los métodos de presentación de informes (Wahyuningrum et al., 2023). El estudio sobre gobierno corporativo y teoría de los stakeholders han evidenciado el poder que tienen algunos grupos de interés en la toma de decisiones (Stoelhorst & Vishwanathan, 2024; Arenas-Torres et al., 2024). Lo que debería incluir, según Kumar (2023) las demandas que constituyen retos ambientales, sociales y de gobierno corporativo (ASG). En este contexto, se suma la teoría de agencia debido a que ha demostrado sus implicancias en la toma de decisiones y en el desempeño de la empresa (Saona et al., 2019; Kumar, 2023; Salman et al., 2024) El estudio sobre gobierno corporativo y género se ha concentrado en el análisis de las mujeres en los directorios corporativos y al desempeño financiero de las empresas, los riesgos y el precio de las acciones (Saona et al., 2020; Mumu et al., 2022; Guerrero-Villegas et al., 2024). En tal sentido, algunos estudios de género profundizan en sostenibilidad, estructura de capital, riego y gestión de la información financiera (Naeem et al., 2022; Farooq et al., 2023; Muhammad et al., 2023). El gobierno corporativo puede ser analizado según tamaño del directorio, independencia, dualidad de directores ejecutivos, propiedad de la gerencia, propiedad de los accionistas en bloque y propiedad institucional (Farooq et al., 2025). En cambio, esta investigación considera la diversidad y equidad de género con respecto al desempeño financiero. Por lo tanto, la pregunta de investigación es ¿Cuál es la relación entre la diversidad y equidad de género en el directorio con respecto al rendimiento financiero de empresas no financieras en Chile? Ahora bien, en relación con el objetivo de estudio es analizar la relación entre la diversidad y equidad de género en el directorio con respecto al rendimiento financiero de empresas no financieras en Chile. Finalmente, esta investigación proporciona hallazgos que pueden ser usados para el diseño de estrategias corporativas que contribuyan a la equidad en los gobiernos colorativos en Chile.