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Underutilized Native Biobío Berries: Opportunities for Foods and Trade
(2018)
Diana María López-celis
;
Nieves Baenas Navarro
;
Jorge Andrès Retamal-salgado
;
Nelson Stiven Zapata Rios
;
Diego Ángel Moreno-fernández
The Biobío Region in Chile presents special edaphoclimatic characteristics and biodiversity that make it suitable for the introduction and development of some berries that are understudied in terms of their health-promoting composition and characteristics. Chilean strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis, form chiloensis) and calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst.) have been underused despite having interesting nutritive values and health-promoting capacities. The polyphenolic compositions of Chilean strawberry and calafate were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn analyses, as well as their antioxidant potential (in ORAC and DPPH assays). The major secondary metabolites present in Chilean strawberry and calafate were ellagic acid derivatives and anthocyanins, respectively, being the anthocyanins more closely related to the higher antioxidant capacity found in the berries. Therefore, the Biobío Region berries analyzed are rich in bioactive phytochemicals with health-promoting characteristics. This represents an opportunity for the food industry and for international trade with Chilean berries, as well as a potential way of promoting rural development in the region.
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Residual effect of cadmium applications in different crop rotations and environments on durum wheat cadmium accumulation
(2019-01)
J. Hirzel
;
J. Retamal-Salgado
;
I. Walter
;
I. Matus
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metals commonly present in soils that is toxic for living organisms and carcinogenic in humans. The uptake of Cd by a crop depends on various factors such as soil properties, plant-soil interaction, fertilizer management, and pre vious crop. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the residual effect of three Cd rates applied in three preceding crops (durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. var durum], white lupine [Lupinus albus L.], and narrow-leafed lupine [Lupineus angustifolius L.]) on total dry matter, grain yield, and Cd concentration and uptake in three durum wheat cultivars in four envi ronments. The residual effect of a cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) dose applied in the preceding crop to durum wheat was affected by location and previous crop, with the greatest effect in La Serena with narrow-leafed lupines as the preceding crop. Finally, in soils where a critical level of Cd is present, narrow-leafed lupines should not be used as a previous crop to durum wheat.
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Cold tolerance evaluation in Chilean rice genotypes at the germination stage
(2013)
Gabriel Donoso Ñanculao
;
Mario Paredes Cárcamo
;
Oscar Arbiza de los Santos
;
Viviana Becerra Velásquez
Low temperature is the most important abiotic stress affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in Chile. Rice in Chile is usually planted when the minimum air temperatures are below 12 °C. This temperature is lower than the optimum needed for normal rice germination. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate cold tolerance in 20 experimental lines from the Rice Breeding Program of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Chile, at the germination stage. Coleoptile length reduction (CRED), coleoptile length after cold treatment (CLEN), coleoptile length recovery (CREC), and coleoptile regrowth (CREG) were evaluated at 13 °C for 4 d using ‘Diamante-INIA’ as the cold-tolerant control. To find genotypes with cold tolerance (low CRED value and high CLEN, CREC, and CREG values), genotypes were ranked, a biplot of principal components, and cluster analysis were performed. No differences were found among genotypes in the ranking based on CREC value so this trait was not considered. Analysis showed that only three experimental lines had cold tolerance similar to that of ‘Diamante-INIA’; all other experimental lines exhibited intermediate to low cold tolerance. These results showed low cold tolerance of some Chilean genotypes at the germination stage, thus confirming the need to evaluate the rest of the germplasm from the Rice Breeding Program.
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Fixation Coefficient and Soil Residual Effect of Cadmium Application on Three Biannual Crop Rotations at Four Locations in Chile
(2019)
Juan Hirzel
;
Jorge Andrès Retamal-salgado
;
Ingrid Walter
;
Iván Matus
Cadmium (Cd) is a metalloid present in agricultural soils and harmful for human health. A large part of the Cd entering into the soil can be fixed, while another portion can contribute to increasing availability indices of this element (residual effect). The present study evaluated Cd residual effect and Cd fixation derived from anthropic applications at four locations in Chile during two seasons. Three crop rotations were used, which included white lupine (Lupinus albus L.), narrow-leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) as the first crop and durum wheat as the second crop. Results indicated that the anthropic application of Cd to the soil, in the three crop rotations and at the four locations under study, exhibited a low residual effect in the next season and null effect two seasons after its application. Among the three preceding crops of each rotation, the highest effect on Cd residuality in both seasons was achieved using both lupines, especially narrowleafed lupine. The Cd fixation coefficient in the upper 0.2 m of soil in the three crop rotations and at the four locations was very high, and it was greater than 99.9% in all cases.

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