Artículos de Investigación

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Different Shoulder Exercises Affect the Activation of Deltoid Portions in Resistance-Trained Individuals
(2020)
Yuri A. C. Campos
;
Jeferson M. Vianna
;
Miller P. Guimarães
;
Jorge L. D. Oliveira
;
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The aims of this study were to compare muscle activity of the anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, and posterior deltoid in the bench press, dumbbell fly, shoulder press, and lateral raise exercises. Thirteen men experienced in strength training volunteered for the study. Muscle activation was recorded during maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC) for data normalization, and during one set of 12 repetitions with the load of 60% 1RM in all exercises proposed. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s posthoc was applied using a 5% significance level. For anterior deltoid, the shoulder press (33.3% MVIC) presented a significantly higher level of activation when compared to other exercises. Also, no significant difference was found between the bench press (21.4% MVIC), lateral raise (21.2% MVIC), and dumbbell fly (18.8% MVIC). For the medial deltoid, the lateral raise (30.3% MVIC) and shoulder press (27.9% MVIC) presented a significantly higher level of activity than the bench press (5% MVIC) and dumbbell fly (3.4% MVIC). Besides, no significant difference was found between the bench press and the dumbbell fly. For the posterior deltoid, the lateral raise (24% MVIC) presented a significantly higher level of activation when compared to other exercises. For the posterior deltoid portion, the shoulder press (11.4% MVIC) was significantly more active than the bench press (3.5% MVIC) and dumbbell fly (2.5% MVIC). Moreover, no significant difference was found between the bench press and the dumbbell fly. In conclusion, the shoulder press and lateral raise exercises showed a higher level of muscle activation in the anterior deltoid and medial deltoid when compared to the bench press and dumbbell fly exercises.</jats:p>
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Effect of neuromuscular resistance training on the performance of 5-km runners
(2020)
Miller P. Guimarães
;
Yuri A.C. Campos
;
Hiago L.R. de Souza
;
Gaspar P. da Silva
;
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira
<jats:p>The study aimed to identify the effect of a neuromuscular resistance training protocol (NRTP) on the performance of 5-km distance runners. This study included 18 male runners (age=29.3±3.2 years, fat percentage=11.3±2.6%, body height=1.77±.04 m, body mass=73.4±4.4 kg, time in 5 km=20.6±2.4 min, training years=4.3±0.7 years). First, volunteers were anthropometrically evaluated, and they performed one-repetition maximum (1RM) 45º leg press (LP) strength test. Second, they performed an incremental protocol in the 45º LP to acquire the electromyographic threshold. Third, they completed a 5-km time trial run (5 km basal). In the fourth session, they performed NRTP in LP. And fifth, the 5-km time trial run was performed at 30 min, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h post the NRTP intervention. A significant decrease (p≤.05) was observed when baseline values were compared with post 30 min and post 48 h (p=.02 and p=.04, respectively). However, there were significant positive differences in performance (p=.04 for time) when baseline values and post 144 h were analyzed. Therefore, it is concluded that the NRTP can be used by 5-km distance runners to improve their performance with a break of one week between the intervention and test.</jats:p>
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Destrezas motoras y marcadores Genéticos en niños con Trastorno Específico del lenguaje y desarrollo típico del lenguaje (Motor skills and genetic markers in children with specific language impairment and typical language development)
(2020)
Patricio Avendaño Medina
;
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira
;
Sandro Fernandes Da Silva
;
Sebastian Peña Troncoso
;
Gustavo Pavez-Adasme
<jats:p>El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las características Dermatoglíficas y Motoras en niños con trastorno específico del lenguaje mixto (TEL-m) y desarrollo típico del lenguaje (DTL). El diseño de investigación fue no experimental de carácter descriptivo, comparativo y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 60 niños de 5 a 6 años 11 meses. Se utilizó el Test de aprendizaje y desarrollo infantil (TADI) y el protocolo de Cummings y Midlo (1961) para evaluar las características dermatoglíficas. Los resultados indican que los niños con TEL-m obtuvieron un puntaje T de 44.8 y los niños con DTL un puntaje T de 58.8 puntos y que el diseño más frecuente fue Presilha (L) 64% en niños con TEL-m y 66% en niños con DTL. Además, se observan diferencias significativas p<.00 en motricidad, pero sin observar diferencias significativas en las variables Dermatoglíficas. Dado esto se acepta que sólo existen diferencias significativas en el área de motricidad para p<.05 en niños con TEL-m y DTL. Abstract. The objective of the study was to analyze the Dermatoglyphic and Motor characteristics in children with specific mixed language disorder (TEL-m) and typical language development (DTL). The research design was non-experimental descriptive, comparative and transversal. The sample consisted of 60 children aged 5 to 6 years and 11 months old. The Childhood Learning and Development Test (TADI) and the Cummings and Midlo Protocol (1961) were used to evaluate the dermatoglyphic characteristics. The results indicate that children with TEL-m obtained a T-score of 44.8 and children with DTL a T-score of 58.8 points and that the most frequent design was Presilha (L) 64% in children with TEL-m and 66% in children with DTL. In addition, significant differences are observed (p <.00) in motor skills, yet they were not significant in the Dermatoglyphic variables. For the above, we may accept that significant differences with p set at 0.5 were only evident in the motor area in children with TEL-m and DTL.</jats:p>
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Test de desarrollo motor aplicados en Chile entre el período 2014-2018. Una revisión sistemática
(2020)
Gustavo Pavez-Adasme
;
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira
;
Sebastián Torres Urrutia
;
Matías Paillacar Iturra
;
Cristóbal Concha Palavecino
El desarrollo motor es un proceso continuo y multidimensional del ciclo vital del ser humano. Para el profesor de educación física se hace esencial buscar instrumentos que permitan medir el desarrollo motor para una intervención intencionada que permita alcanzar un desarrollo apropiado a la edad de cada estudiante. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar los test de desarrollo motor aplicados en Chile entre 2014-2018. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos que aplicaron test de desarrollo motor, entre los años 2014-2018. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las bases de datos “Ebsco”, “Dialnet” y “Scielo”. Las palabras claves en la búsqueda fueron, desarrollo motor y test desarrollo motor, en los idiomas español, inglés y portugués. Se obtuvo un total de 9 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados mostraron que se han utilizado 4 test de desarrollo motor en el periodo declarado. En conclusión, el test más utilizado en Chile es el TGMD-2 el cual es ampliamente recomendado y validado en el contexto chileno; y cuyo propósito se basa en la identificación de los niveles de ejecución (bajo o superior) del desarrollo motor grueso en los niños según la edad cronológica.
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Efectos de los juegos modificados en parámetros de la Condición física y antropométricos en escolares no deportistas.
(2019)
Cresp-Barria, Mauricio
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Cordova Reyes, Roberto
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Hernández-Mosqueira, Claudio
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Peña Troncoso, Sebastián
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Roquetti Fernandes, Paula
Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de los juego de intensidad alta en parámetros antropométricos y de la condición física en una muestra de escolares de la Araucanía, Chile. Material y método; Estudio cuasi experimental sin grupo control, en escolares mujeres y hombres adolescentes (n = 20), con 5 semanas de ejercicio, 3 veces por semana, 30 min de juegos de alta intensidad con carácter de ejercicio interválico. Se evaluaron test de fuerza (abdominal, flexo- extensión brazo, salto longitudinal), capacidad aeróbica (VO2max), y antropometría (peso, IMC, CCintura, CCadera, ICC) en pre y post test. Resultados: El post test estableció que el resultado de los test de antropometría no fueron significativos Peso (0.356); IMC (0.790); C. Cintura (0.151); C. Cadera (0.058); ICC (1.000), a diferencia de los test de condición física de fuerza y capacidad aeróbica donde Fuerza de salto longitudinal (0.000); Fuerza abdominal (0.014); VO2max (0.000), FC reposo (0.000); Flexo-ext. Brazos (0.004); analizados con valor de significancia (P < 0.05). Conclusión: 5 semanas de juegos de alta intensidad mejoran los predictores de riesgo cardiometabólico, como la capacidad aeróbica y fuerza muscular en adolescentes, beneficiando su salud y condición física
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Level of physical activity, eating habits, and their relationship with academic performance in adolescent students at COMEDUC foundation, Chile.
(2019)
Ibarra Mora, Jessica
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Ventura-Vall-Llovera, Carles
;
Hernández-Mosqueira, Claudio
This study was aimed to determine the impact of the level of physical activity and eating habits in the academic performance of an adolescent school population in Chile. The study has a descriptive cross-cutting design. The sample was formed by 2116 students (60.8% women and 39.2% men), later it was stratified according to level of physical activity and eating habit. Habits were determined by means of a 24-hour reminder, the level of physical activity by means of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the general school averages, mathematics and language, as well as standardized tests were considered. For the analysis of data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The results indicated that having a high level of physical activity and having the main meals per day is associated with a better school performance, highlighting the importance of promoting these habits among the school community.

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