Artículos de Investigación

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Author: search.filters.author.Pablo NavarroStart date: 2020

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    Chewing Index: A Pilot Trial to Measure Masticatory Effort
    (2026)
    Franco Marinelli
    ;
    Camila Venegas-Ocampo
    ;
    Josefa Alarcón-Apablaza
    ;
    Rosemarie Schneider
    ;
    Pablo Navarro
    <jats:p>Background/Objectives: Population aging presents new challenges for achieving healthy aging. Edentulism is a condition that diminishes quality of life. Several studies have attempted to analyze the impact of edentulism on masticatory function either by evaluating the final stage of the food bolus or the masticatory process itself. The present study aims to develop a chewing index (Ci) based on chewing time, the number of cycles, and the muscular activity of the masseter and temporal muscles. Methods: Two groups (n = 10 each, 60–80 years old), one with functional dentition (21 or more teeth) (Group F) and one with complete denture wearers (Group D), were used. Participants were asked to chew a total of 36 food samples. The number of chewing cycles (N), chewing time (T), and bilateral activity of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles were recorded and quantified using the root mean square. This activity was normalized with respect to a 5 s maximum voluntary clenching (TMAV). A chewing index (Ci) was calculated using the equation Ci = N × V%¯ × T/TMAV, where V%¯ represents the average normalized activity of the four muscles. Results: Ci values ranged from 0 to 62 for Group F and 0 to 262 for Group D. For 15 out of the 36 food samples, Ci was higher in Group D than in Group F. Conclusions: The results of this study are consistent with previous research showing that complete denture wearers must chew for a longer time and perform a greater number of chewing cycles compared with subjects with functional dentition.</jats:p>
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    Evaluation of Mandibular Border Movements and Mastication in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Pilot Study with 3D Electromagnetic Articulography and Surface Electromyography
    (2025)
    Camila Cerda
    ;
    Franco Marinelli
    ;
    Jarpa-Parra, Marcela
    ;
    Pablo Navarro
    ;
    Ramón Fuentes
    Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by pain and restricted functionality of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The objective of this study was to characterize the kinematic and electromyographic patterns of mandibular border movements and mastication in patients with different forms of TMD compared with healthy controls, through a simultaneous three-dimensional electromagnetic articulography (EMA-3D) and surface electromyography (sEMG) recording protocol. Sixteen participants were included and divided into three groups according to the TMD diagnosis (articular, muscular and mixed) and one healthy control group. Kinematic data were recorded using EMA-3D, and electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles was assessed using sEMG. Variables analyzed included trajectories, areas, ranges, and electrical activity during mandibular border movements and mastication. Patients with TMD exhibited reduced movement trajectories but larger areas within the mandibular polygons, particularly in the frontal and sagittal planes. During mastication, the number of cycles was higher in the muscular group and lower in the healthy controls. Patients with TMD showed greater mean electromyographic activity, which could suggest compensatory muscle strain. The EMA-3D system provided an accurate threedimensional analysis, while sEMG captured detailed patterns of muscle activation and strain, that help better understand the neuromuscular alterations associated with TMD. Differentiation between TMD types (articular, muscular and mixed) for the study of its kinematic and electromyographic characteristics, is essential to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies. This study highlights the relevance of advanced tools such as EMA-3D and sEMG in the evaluation of TMD using a simultaneous recording protocol such as the one proposed in this study.
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    Análisis Cinemático de la Masticación de una Granola Prototipo en Contraste con la Masticación de Maní
    (2020)
    Constanza Farfán
    ;
    Joel Jerson Coaquira-Quispe
    ;
    María Florencia Lezcano
    ;
    Alain Arias
    ;
    Pablo Navarro
    La masticación se ha estudiado desde diferentes puntos de vista, utilizando alimentos de prueba naturales y artificiales. La evidencia es escasa cuando se analizan alimentos a base de cereales, que van desde cereales para el desayuno hasta barras de granola. El investigar este tipo de alimentos, se vuelve importante para entender el comportamiento de la masticación frente a alimentos con diferentes composiciones y texturas, y como estas características pueden influir en el proceso masticatorio. Se analizó la masticación desde un punto de vista cinemático, en sujetos jóvenes dentados. El alimento de prueba utilizado fue granola prototipo y maní, este último se ha estudiado en sujetos con rehabilitación protésica y su consumo se recomienda en esta población. Se analizaron las características cinemáticas de la masticación como numero de ciclos, frecuencia masticatoria, velocidad de masticación de ascenso y descenso, y el área de masticación en los tres planos del espacio. Se relacionaron los movimientos masticatorios con los movimientos mandibulares bordeantes que conformaron el polígono de Posselt, este también se analizó en los tres planos espaciales. En todas las variables analizadas la granola presento valores mayores, excepto en el número de ciclos masticatorios, sólo se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p= 0,03) al comparar la velocidad (ascenso y descenso) y el área de masticación en el plano horizontal.
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    Characteristics of Mandibular Movement and Mastication in Older Adults with Removable Dental Prostheses: Three-Dimensional Analysis
    (2020)
    Paloma Rivera
    ;
    Constanza Farfán
    ;
    Alain Arias
    ;
    María Florencia Lezcano
    ;
    Fernando José Dias
    Aging is a dynamic process that includes various alterations in the oral cavity, with tooth loss being the most frequent. Rehabilitative treatment may include removable or fixed prostheses and implants. The aim of this study was to describe the geometric (trajectory, ranges, areas) and kinematic (speed) characteristics of the mandibular and masticatory movements threedimensionally in participants with dental prostheses. A sample of 10 participants with removable prosthetic rehabilitation was divided into three groups (complete, atypical and overdenture) the characteristics of mandibular movements bordering and chewing with 3D Electromagnetic Articulography were measured. The Posselt polygonin was obtained, the frontal and sagittal plans, its areas, trajectories and ranges are analyzed. The masticatory movements were analyzed in the area of each cycle, the frequency, the speed and the reason between the masticatory cycle and the bordering movements, no significant differences between the groups. Subjects with dental prostheses, regardless of the type, they showed low of motion (border and functional) compared to dentate subjects with no functional alterations whose values have been reported in the literature. The subjects with overdenture have values closer to what is described for young dentate subjects.